Brussels Sprouts Seeds,
Long Island Improved

Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before your last expected frost date. Set hardened-off transplants out 2-4 weeks before the last expected frost, when seedlings are 4-6 weeks old; they tolerate light frost. Alternatively, direct sowing can be done in early spring. For the best sprouts, sow in late spring to early summer for a fall harvest, as the cooler temperatures and frost enhance the sweetness of the sprouts. If you're not sure how to find your first and last frost dates, consult our blog post 'Our Experts Answer Questions, Share Resources.'

Sow seeds 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep in a quality seed-starting mix, keeping the soil temperature between 50-75 F. Germination takes about 7-10 days. Once the seedlings have at least two sets of true leaves, transplant them into the garden, spacing them about 24 inches apart with rows 24-36 inches apart.

Plant Long Island Improved Brussels sprouts in full sun and well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.5-7.5. Water consistently, especially during dry periods, and apply a balanced fertilizer every few weeks to encourage strong growth. To maximize yield, remove the lower leaves as the plant matures. Harvest sprouts when they reach 1-2 inches in diameter, starting from the bottom of the stalk.

Brussels sprouts are biennials, meaning they will flower and produce seeds in their second year. To save seeds, allow some plants to overwinter in the garden. In the following spring, they will produce flowers and seed pods. Once the pods dry on the plant, harvest them, thresh the seeds, and store them in a cool, dry place.